Create Mplus code for various residual covariance structures.

This function makes it easy to write the Mplus syntax for various residual covariance structure.

mplusRcov(
  x,
  type = c("homogenous", "heterogenous", "cs", "toeplitz", "ar", "un"),
  r = "rho",
  e = "e",
  collapse = FALSE
)

Arguments

x	input character vector of variable names, ordered by time
type	A character string indicating the type of residual covariance structure to be used. Defaults to ‘homogenous’. Current options include ‘homogenous’, ‘heterogenous’, ‘cs’ for compound symmetric, ‘toeplitz’ for banded toeplitz, ‘ar’ for autoregressive, and ‘un’ for unstructured.
r	a character vector of the base label to name covariance parameters. Defaults to ‘rho’.
e	a character vector of the error variance of the variable. Used to create constraints on the covariance parameters. Defaults to ‘e’.
collapse	whether to collapse the covariance code using ‘PWITH’. Note that at the time of writing, Mplus does not allow more than 80 characters per row. Defaults to `FALSE`.

Value

A named character vector of class ‘MplusRstructure’ with four elements:

all

A character string collapsing all other sections.

Variances

A character string containing all of the variances.

Covariances

A character string containing all of the covariances, properly labelled to allow constraints and the autoregressive residual covariance structure.

Constraints

A character string containing the ‘MODEL CONSTRAINT’ section and code needed to parameterize the residual covariance structure as autoregressive.

Details

The homogenous residual covariance structure estimates one parameter: the residual variance, $\sigma^{2}_{e}$ . The residual variance is assumed to be identical for all variables and all covariances are assumed to be zero. The structure is represented in this table.

	t1	t2	t3	...	tn
t1	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$			...
t2	0	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$		...
t3	0	0	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$	...
...	...	...	...	...	...
tn	0	0	0	...	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$

The heterogenous residual covariance structure estimates n parameters, where n is the number of variables. A unique residual variance is estimated for every variable. All covariances are assumed to be zero. The structure is represented in this table.

	t1	t2	t3	...	tn
t1	$\sigma^{2}_{e1}$			...
t2	0	$\sigma^{2}_{e2}$		...
t3	0	0	$\sigma^{2}_{e3}$	...
...	...	...	...	...	...
tn	0	0	0	...	$\sigma^{2}_{en}$

The compound symmetric residual covariance structure estimates two parameters: one for the residual variance , $\sigma^{2}_{e}$ , and one for the covariance. The residual variance is assumed to be identical for all variables and all covariances are assumed to be identical. The structure is represented in this table.

	t1	t2	t3	...	tn
t1	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$			...
t2	$\rho$	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$		...
t3	$\rho$	$\rho$	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$	...
...	...	...	...	...	...
tn	$\rho$	$\rho$	$\rho$	...	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$

The toeplitz residual covariance structure estimates n parameters, one for every band of the matrix. The residual variance , $\sigma^{2}_{e}$ , is assumed to be identical for all variables. The covariances one step removed are all assumed identical. Likewise for all further bands. The structure is represented in this table.

	t1	t2	t3	...	tn
t1	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$			...
t2	$\rho$	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$		...
t3	$\rho_{2}$	$\rho$	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$	...
...	...	...	...	...	...
tn	$\rho_{n}$	$\rho_{n - 1}$	$\rho_{n - 2}$	...	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$

The autoregressive residual covariance structure has two parameters: the residual variance, $\sigma^{2}_{e}$ and the correlation between adjacent time points, $\rho$ . The variances are constrained to be equal for all time points. A single correlation parameter is estimated. The $\rho$ is the correlation between adjacent time points such as 1 and 2 or 2 and 3. More distant relationships are assumed to have smaller correlations, decreasing exponentially. Thus between 1 and 3, the estimate is $\rho^2$ . The structure is represented in this table.

	t1	t2	t3	...	tn
t1	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$			...
t2	$\rho$	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$		...
t3	$\rho^2$	$\rho$	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$	...
...	...	...	...	...	...
tn	$\rho^{n-1}$	$\rho^{n-2}$	$\rho^{n-3}$	...	$\sigma^{2}_{e}$

Because structural equation models generally model covariance structures, the autoregressive residual structure must be parameterized in terms of covariances. This is done in two parts. First, the function returns syntax to estimate all the pairwise covariances, labelling the parameters $\rho$ , $\rho^2$ , etc. so that they are constrained to be equal. Next, it returns the syntax for the necessary model constraints to constrain the different covariances, to decrease exponentially in their correlations. This is done via: $\rho^2 = (\frac{\rho}{\sigma^2_{e}})^{2}\sigma^2_{e}$ and likewise for all later time points.

The unstructured residual covariance structure estimates $\frac{n(n + 1)}{2}$ parameters. It is unstructured in that every variance and covariance is freely estimated with no constraints. However, in most cases, this results in an overparameterized model and is unestimable. The structure is represented in this table.

	t1	t2	t3	...	tn
t1	$\sigma^{2}_{e1}$			...
t2	$\rho_{1}$	$\sigma^{2}_{e2}$		...
t3	$\rho_{2}$	$\rho_{3}$	$\sigma^{2}_{e3}$	...
...	...	...	...	...	...
tn	$\rho_{5}$	$\rho_{6}$	$\rho_{7}$	...	$\sigma^{2}_{en}$

Author

Joshua F. Wiley <jwiley.psych@gmail.com>

Examples

# all five structures collapsing
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "homogenous", "rho", "e", TRUE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a WITH b@0 c@0 d@0;
#> b WITH c@0 d@0;
#> c WITH d@0;
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "heterogenous", "rho", "e", TRUE)
#> a b c d;
#> a WITH b@0 c@0 d@0;
#> b WITH c@0 d@0;
#> c WITH d@0;
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "cs", "rho", "e", TRUE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a b c PWITH b c d (rho);
#> a b PWITH c d (rho);
#> a PWITH d (rho);
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "toeplitz", "rho", "e", TRUE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a b c PWITH b c d (rho);
#> a b PWITH c d (rho2);
#> a PWITH d (rho3);
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "ar", "rho", "e", TRUE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a b c PWITH b c d (rho);
#> a b PWITH c d (rho2);
#> a PWITH d (rho3);
#> MODEL CONSTRAINT: 
#>   rho2 = ((rho/e)^2) * e;
#>   rho3 = ((rho/e)^3) * e;
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "un", "rho", "e", TRUE)
#> a b c d;
#> a WITH b c d;
#> b WITH c d;
#> c WITH d;
#> 

# all five structures without collapsing
# useful for long names or many variables
# where a line may cross 80 characters
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "homogenous", "rho", "e", FALSE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a WITH b@0;
#> a WITH c@0;
#> a WITH d@0;
#> b WITH c@0;
#> b WITH d@0;
#> c WITH d@0;
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "heterogenous", "rho", "e", FALSE)
#> a b c d;
#> a WITH b@0;
#> a WITH c@0;
#> a WITH d@0;
#> b WITH c@0;
#> b WITH d@0;
#> c WITH d@0;
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "cs", "rho", "e", FALSE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a WITH b (rho);
#> b WITH c (rho);
#> c WITH d (rho);
#> a WITH c (rho);
#> b WITH d (rho);
#> a WITH d (rho);
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "toeplitz", "rho", "e", FALSE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a WITH b (rho);
#> b WITH c (rho);
#> c WITH d (rho);
#> a WITH c (rho2);
#> b WITH d (rho2);
#> a WITH d (rho3);
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "ar", "rho", "e", FALSE)
#> a b c d (e);
#> a WITH b (rho);
#> b WITH c (rho);
#> c WITH d (rho);
#> a WITH c (rho2);
#> b WITH d (rho2);
#> a WITH d (rho3);
#> MODEL CONSTRAINT: 
#>   rho2 = ((rho/e)^2) * e;
#>   rho3 = ((rho/e)^3) * e;
#> 
mplusRcov(letters[1:4], "un", "rho", "e", FALSE)
#> a b c d;
#> a WITH b;
#> a WITH c;
#> a WITH d;
#> b WITH c;
#> b WITH d;
#> c WITH d;
#>